Demonstratives: this/that these/those

4.  Demonstratives.

this/ that                             these/those

This and these are to talk about people or things that are near you.

one	Two or more
This is my beautiful pot	These are my pots
This pot is beautiful	These pots are beautiful
This is my pencil	These are my pencils
This is my friends	These are my friends
This is my book	These are my books

Things or people are near you, so you can touch then à This/these.

 

That and those are to talk about people or things that are far of you.

one	Two or more
That’s Peter’s toy	Those are Peter’s toys
That’s Mary’s picture	Those are Mary’s pictures
That’s  my teacher	Those are my teachers
That’s his marble	Those are his marbles

Things or people are far of you, so you can not touch then à That/those.

Practice

 

 This is my class. I’m raising my hand to ask. These are my friends, and this is my teacher. That is our board, it’s behind the teacher. That is the class’s notice-board, it’s behind me. Those are Mary’s flowers, they are very beautiful. That is the wastepaper; it’s near to the teacher. We’re studying. This is our blue desk and these are our chairs.

Articles: a, an

3. Articles: a, an

A and an can tell you what a person, animal or thing is:

I´m a teacher

Rufo is an inventor

Steve is my uncle

That´s an octopus

*Put a before a consonant when you want to talk about one thing:

A dog, a rabbit, a table, a pencil, a book…

*Put an before a vowel when you want to talk about one thing:

An umbrella, an elephant, an egg, an apple…

                       Remember!!!                                                                       Be careful!!!

These are vowels: a, e, i, o, u These are consonants:  b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z

A useful book     NOT    an useful book A uniform            NOT   an uniform An hour               NOT    a hour

a	an
a  dog	an article
a  lesson	an uncle
a  bicycle	an egg
a  boy	an artista
a house	an hour
a  toy	an apple
a  head	an orange

 

Practice.

Lewis goes to school. He doesn’t wear ……………..uniform at school. He wears T-shirts. He likes school, but he doesn’t like homework. Everyday Lewis does homework for …………..hour. He likes English. He says ………..grammar book is……………useful book.

Have got.

2. Have got

a.       Have got is to say that you own something.

I have got a new jacket.

He has got a computer game

We have got bicycles.

b.      Have got is also to describe people, animals and things.

I have got blue eyes.

She has got a nice smile.

We have got short hair.

 

Positive	Short form	Negative	Question
I have got	I´ve got	I haven´t got	Have I got…?
You have got	You´ve got	You haven´t got	Have you got…?
She  has got	She´s  got	She  hasn´t got	Has she got…?
He has got	He´s got	He hasn´t got	Has he got…?
It has got	It´s got	It hasn´t got	Has it got…?
We have got	We´ve got	We haven´t got	Have we got…?
You have got	You´ve got	You haven´t got	Have you got…?
They have got	They´ve got	They haven´t got	Have they got…?

Ex.  

I have got a cat    Yo tengo un gato

She has got a pencil   Ella tiene un lápiz

Have they got blue eyes?   ¿Tienen ellos los ojos azules? / No, they haven´t  or Yes they have

We have got a ball	Nosotros tenemos una pelota
Have you got any brother?	¿Tienes hermanos?
My sister has got blue eyes	Mi hermana tiene los ojos azules
We have got some books	Nosotros tenemos algunos libros
Her father has got a new car	Mi padre tiene un coche nuevo
My cat hasn´t got a red eye	Mi gato no tiene un ojo rojo
Has she got a pen?	¿Tiene ella un bolígrafo?

Personal Pronouns + To Be

1. Personal Pronouns.

Personal pronouns

I	Yo	We	Nosotros
You	Tu	You	Vosotros
He	El	They	Ellos
She	Ella
It	Ello

To be

I am	Yo soy	We are	Nosotros somos
You are	Tu eres	You are	Vosotros sois
He is	El es	They are	Ellos son
She is	Ella es
It is	Ello es

      El verbo to be tiene dos significados: ser  o estar